Those good Gertrudes: a social history of women teachers in America

ǂg 1. ǂt "It is well that women should be unlettered": before teaching school was "women's work"

ǂg 2. ǂt "School dames in each quarter": America's army of Gertrudes

ǂg 3. "A ǂt sisterhood of instruction, essential to the world's progress": societal pressures and women's opportunities, 1700-1900

ǂg 4. ǂt "Overflowing from the domestic circle": individual and family factors in choosing to teach

ǂg 5. "An ǂt honorable breadwinning weapon": who became teachers?

ǂg 6. "The ǂt presiding genius of his home and heart": her marital status and domestic arrangements

ǂg 7. ǂt "In the mind's eye": images and expectations of the teacher

ǂg 8. ǂt "Higher prospects for a useful life": the teacher as trained professional

9. "Laboring conscientiously, though perhaps obscurely": certain realities of being a teacher

ǂg 10. "The ǂt great perplexities of the teacher-life": Gertrudes talk and their pupils reminisce

ǂg 11. ǂt "That our daughters may be as cornerstones": women teachers and messianic America

ǂg 12. "The ǂt feast of reason and flow of soul": the political rights and civic duties of women

ǂg 13 "A ǂt lady well qualified to show the way": widening women's work.

1. "It is well that women should be unlettered": before teaching school was "women's work"

2. "School dames in each quarter": America's army of Gertrudes

3. "A sisterhood of instruction, essential to the world's progress": societal pressures and women's opportunities, 1700-1900

4. "Overflowing from the domestic circle": individual and family factors in choosing to teach

5. "An honorable breadwinning weapon": who became teachers?

6. "The presiding genius of his home and heart": her marital status and domestic arrangements

7. "In the mind's eye": images and expectations of the teacher

8. "Higher prospects for a useful life": the teacher as trained professional 9. "Laboring conscientiously, though perhaps obscurely": certain realities of being a teacher

10. "The great perplexities of the teacher-life": Gertrudes talk and their pupils reminisce

11. "That our daughters may be as cornerstones": women teachers and messianic America

12. "The feast of reason and flow of soul": the political rights and civic duties of women

13 "A lady well qualified to show the way": widening women's work.