Democracy in Iran: why it failed and how it might succeed

Part I. Introduction and theocracy: Iran's dilemma

Alternative routes to democracy: synthesizing structures and processes

Part II. Revolution and the political economy of theocracy: Ideologies, revolution, and the formation of theocracy

Politicizing the economy and declining performance

Failure to reform and return to repression

Part III. Challenges against the Islamic regime: Students: the vanguard of struggles for democracy

The rise and demise of the Green movement

Part IV. Irreconcilable conflicts

Why the movement failed

Irreconcilable conflicts and endless repression

The path forward.

Part I. Introduction and theocracy: Iran's dilemma

Alternative routes to democracy: synthesizing structures and processes

Part II. Revolution and the political economy of theocracy: Ideologies, revolution, and the formation of theocracy

Politicizing the economy and declining performance

Failure to reform and return to repression

Part III. Challenges against the Islamic regime: Students: the vanguard of struggles for democracy

The rise and demise of the Green movement

Part IV. Irreconcilable conflicts

Why the movement failed

Irreconcilable conflicts and endless repression

The path forward.